From here, Problem 2:
You are given words in Swahili: mtu, mbuzi, jito, mgeni, jitu and kibuzi. Their translations in a different order are: giant, little goat, guest, goat, person and large river. Make the correspondence.
mtu – person
jitu – giant
jito – large river
mbuzi – goat
kibuzi – little goat
mgeni – guest
With ‘tu’ being the word (root word?) for all things humanlike, buzi for goat.
What led you here? A school assignment? Let me know.
Here’s an advanced puzzle straight from the Linguistics Challenege Puzzles website. My answers are in bold, my notes below the blockquote.
The following sentences are from the Orkhono-Yeniseyan language, an ancient language of Western Asia. Scrolls containing passages in this language were found between the Orkhon and Yenisey rivers.
1. Oghuling baliqigh alti. ‘Your son conquered the city.’
2. Baz oghuligh yangilti. ‘The vassal betrayed the son.’
3. Siz baliqimizin buzdingiz. ‘You all destroyed our city.’
4. Qaghanimiz oghulingin yangilti. ‘Our king betrayed your son.’
5. Oghulim barqingin buzdi. ‘My son destroyed your house.’
6. Siz qaghanigh yangiltingiz. ‘You all betrayed the king.’
7. Biz baliqigh altimiz. ‘We conquered the city.’
8. Bazim qaghanimizin yangilti . ‘My vassal betrayed our king.’
Translate the following into English:
Qaghan baliqigh alti The King conquered the city.
Men barqigh buzdim. I destroyed the house.*
Translate into the Orkhono-Yeniseyan language:
The son conquered your city. Oghul baliqingin alti.
The king betrayed the vassal. Qaghan bazigh yangilti.
Your vassal destroyed my house.Bazing barqimin buzdi.
A few notes:
As sentences 2 and 4 reveal, this is a SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language.
Suffixes attached to the nouns indicate possession and case. Here they are:
Your -ing
My -im
Our -imiz
The suffix for our appears to be just an extension of the suffix for my.
When possessed nouns are used as a direct object, you add -in to the existing suffix. For example:
Oghuling baliqigh alti. Your son conquered the city.
Qaghanimiz oghulingin yangilti. Our king betrayed your son.
Strip away the suffixes, and let’s look at the root nouns:
Son – Oghul
King – Qaghan
House – Barq
City – Baliq
And of course, our suffix fun doesn’t end here. When used as a direct object, and with no possession, our root nouns take the suffix -igh. For example:
Qaghan baliqigh alti. The king conquered the city.
Siz qaghanigh yangiltingiz. You all betrayed the king.
Verbs are only inflected with personal pronouns. Siz is You all, and in sentence 6 the verb yangalti, to betray, becomes yangaltingiz.
-ing for you, and -iz for plural, since you all is the second person plural personal pronoun.
How about the second translation into English? Men barqigh buzdim. Well, we know that the verb is inflected with -im, and where have we seen -im before? That’s right: indicated my.
With no iz, we know it’s not plural. So, I believe Men means I, giving us the translation I destroyed the house.
Lastly, I have found no answer key for this puzzle, so I could be wrong. Have different ideas? Let me know in the comments!
From this site:
Problem 185. For every sequence of words given below, explain whether it can be used in a grammatically correct English sentence. If it is possible show an example. In the usage there shouldn’t be any extra signs between the given words.
1. could to
2. he have
3. that that
4. the John
5. he should
6. on walked
7. the did
Here’s what I have so far:
2. he have
Subjunctive. Example sentence:
Be sure that he have the right documents before you admit him.
The next one.
3. that that
Really easy.
I know that that’s not true.
A little harder.
4. the John
The [noun] that. Example:
The John that I know doesn’t act that way.
Are you kidding me?
5. he should
This one doesn’t need an example, but… Example:
He should be here tomorrow.
This next one is my favorite.
6. on walked
Interesting. Here’s my sentence:
On walked the traveler, unsure of his destination.
As for “could to” and “the did”, I got nothing. I could see the “the [verb] structure in a sentence like “The student gave his teacher the finished homework”.
Or perhaps, “The done action could not be undone”…but that’s stretching it a bit.
What I’m really wondering is how ESL students would do with this puzzle. And if you can find a way to use “could to” and “the did”, let me know in the comments!
